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30
docs/flakes.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
Nix Flakes
==========
If you're using `flakes <https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Flakes>`__, you can use
the following minimal ``flake.nix`` as an example:
.. code:: nix
{
description = "NixOS configuration";
inputs.simple-nixos-mailserver.url = "gitlab:simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver/nixos-20.09";
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, simple-nixos-mailserver }: {
nixosConfigurations = {
hostname = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
system = "x86_64-linux";
modules = [
simple-nixos-mailserver.nixosModule
{
mailserver = {
enable = true;
# ...
};
}
];
};
};
};
}

2
docs/index.rst
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@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ Welcome to NixOS Mailserver's documentation!
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
quick-start
setup-guide
howto-develop
faq
@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ Welcome to NixOS Mailserver's documentation!
add-radicale
rspamd-tuning
fts
flakes
Indices and tables
==================

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docs/quick-start.rst
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@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
Quick Start
===========
.. code:: nix
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
let release = "nixos-20.09";
in {
imports = [
(builtins.fetchTarball {
url = "https://gitlab.com/simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver/-/archive/${release}/nixos-mailserver-${release}.tar.gz";
# This hash needs to be updated
sha256 = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
})
];
mailserver = {
enable = true;
fqdn = "mail.example.com";
domains = [ "example.com" "example2.com" ];
loginAccounts = {
"user1@example.com" = {
# nix run nixpkgs.apacheHttpd -c htpasswd -nbB "" "super secret password" | cut -d: -f2 > /hashed/password/file/location
hashedPasswordFile = "/hashed/password/file/location";
aliases = [
"info@example.com"
"postmaster@example.com"
"postmaster@example2.com"
];
};
};
};
}

315
docs/setup-guide.rst
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@ -3,28 +3,53 @@ Setup Guide
Mail servers can be a tricky thing to set up. This guide is supposed to
run you through the most important steps to achieve a 10/10 score on
``mail-tester.com``.
`<https://mail-tester.com>`_.
What you need:
What you need is:
- A server with a public IP (referred to as ``server-IP``)
- A Fully Qualified Domain Name (``FQDN``) where your server is
reachable, so that other servers can find yours. Common FQDN include
``mx.example.com`` (where ``example.com`` is a domain you own) or
``mail.example.com``. The domain is referred to as ``server-domain``
(``example.com`` in the above example) and the ``FQDN`` is referred
to by ``server-FQDN`` (``mx.example.com`` above).
- A list of domains you want to your email server to serve. (Note that
this does not have to include ``server-domain``, but may of course).
These will be referred to as ``domains``. As an example,
``domains = [ example1.com, example2.com ]``.
- a server running NixOS with a public IP
- a domain name.
Setup server
~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. note::
In the following, we consider a server with the public IP ``1.2.3.4``
and the domain ``example.com``.
First, we will set the minimum DNS configuration to be able to deploy
an up and running mail server. Once the server is deployed, we could
then set all DNS entries required to send and receive mails on this
server.
Setup DNS A record for server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Add a DNS record to the domain ``example.com`` with the following
entries
==================== ===== ==== =============
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
==================== ===== ==== =============
``mail.example.com`` 10800 A ``1.2.3.4``
==================== ===== ==== =============
You can check this with
::
$ ping mail.example.com
64 bytes from mail.example.com (1.2.3.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=21.3 ms
...
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated. This
DNS entry is required for the Let's Encrypt certificate generation
(which is used in the below configuration example).
Setup the server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The following describes a server setup that is fairly complete. Even
though there are more possible options (see ``default.nix``), these
should be the most common ones.
though there are more possible options (see the ``default.nix`` file),
these should be the most common ones.
.. code:: nix
@ -39,236 +64,144 @@ should be the most common ones.
})
];
mailserver = {
enable = true;
fqdn = <server-FQDN>;
domains = [ <domains> ];
fqdn = "mail.example.com";
domains = [ "example.com" ];
# A list of all login accounts. To create the password hashes, use
# nix run nixpkgs.apacheHttpd -c htpasswd -nbB "" "super secret password" | cut -d: -f2
loginAccounts = {
"user1@example.com" = {
hashedPassword = "$6$/z4n8AQl6K$kiOkBTWlZfBd7PvF5GsJ8PmPgdZsFGN1jPGZufxxr60PoR0oUsrvzm2oQiflyz5ir9fFJ.d/zKm/NgLXNUsNX/";
aliases = [
"postmaster@example.com"
"postmaster@example2.com"
];
# Make this user the catchAll address for domains example.com and
# example2.com
catchAll = [
"example.com"
"example2.com"
];
hashedPasswordFile = "/a/file/containing/a/hashed/password";
aliases = ["postmaster@example.com"];
};
"user2@example.com" = { ... };
};
# Extra virtual aliases. These are email addresses that are forwarded to
# loginAccounts addresses.
extraVirtualAliases = {
# address = forward address;
"abuse@example.com" = "user1@example.com";
};
# Use Let's Encrypt certificates. Note that this needs to set up a stripped
# down nginx and opens port 80.
certificateScheme = 3;
# Enable IMAP and POP3
enableImap = true;
enablePop3 = true;
enableImapSsl = true;
enablePop3Ssl = true;
# Enable the ManageSieve protocol
enableManageSieve = true;
# whether to scan inbound emails for viruses (note that this requires at least
# 1 Gb RAM for the server. Without virus scanning 256 MB RAM should be plenty)
virusScanning = false;
};
}
After a ``nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade`` your server should be good to
go. If you want to use ``nixops`` to deploy the server, look in the
subfolder ``nixops`` for some inspiration.
After a ``nixos-rebuild switch`` your server should be running all
mail components.
If you're using `flakes <https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Flakes>`__, you can use
the following minimal ``flake.nix`` as an example:
Setup all other DNS requirements
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code:: nix
{
description = "NixOS configuration";
inputs.simple-nixos-mailserver.url = "gitlab:simple-nixos-mailserver/nixos-mailserver";
outputs = { self, nixpkgs, simple-nixos-mailserver }: {
nixosConfigurations = {
hostname = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
system = "x86_64-linux";
modules = [
simple-nixos-mailserver.nixosModule
{
mailserver = {
enable = true;
# ...
};
}
];
};
};
};
}
Setup everything else
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Step 1: Set DNS entry for server
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Add a DNS record to the domain ``server-domain`` with the following
entries
================ ===== ==== ======== =============
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Priority Value
================ ===== ==== ======== =============
``server-FQDN`` 10800 A ``server-IP``
================ ===== ==== ======== =============
This resolves DNS queries for ``server-FQDN`` to ``server-IP``. You can
test if your setting is correct by
::
ping <server-FQDN>
Expected output:
::
64 bytes from <server-FQDN> (<server-IP>): icmp_seq=1 ttl=46 time=21.3 ms
...
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
Step 2: Set rDNS (reverse DNS) entry for server
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Set rDNS (reverse DNS) entry for server
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Wherever you have rented your server, you should be able to set reverse
DNS entries for the IP’s you own. Add an entry resolving ``server-IP``
to ``server-FQDN``
DNS entries for the IP’s you own. Add an entry resolving ``1.2.3.4``
to ``mail.example.com``
You can test if your setting is correct by
You can check this with
::
host <server-IP>
Expected output:
::
<server-IP-octets-reversed>.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer <server-FQDN>.
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host 1.2.3.4"
4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer mail.example.com.
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
Step 3: Set ``MX`` Records
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Set a ``MX`` record
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do: \* Add a ``MX`` record to the
domain ``domain``
Add a ``MX`` record to the domain ``example.com``.
================ ==== ======== =================
Name (Subdomain) Type Priority Value
================ ==== ======== =================
example.com MX 10 mail.example.com
================ ==== ======== =================
You can check this with
::
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
| `domain` | | MX | 10 | `server-FQDN` |
You can test this via
::
dig -t MX <domain>
Expected output:
::
...
;; ANSWER SECTION:
<domain> 10800 IN MX 10 <server-FQDN>
...
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t mx example.com"
example.com mail is handled by 10 mail.example.com.
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
Step 4: Set ``SPF`` Records
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Set a ``SPF`` record
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do: \* Add a ``SPF`` record to the
domain ``domain``
Add a `SPF <https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework>`_
record to the domain ``example.com``.
================ ===== ==== ================================
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
================ ===== ==== ================================
example.com 10800 TXT `v=spf1 a:mail.example.com -all`
================ ===== ==== ================================
You can check this with
::
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
| `domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=spf1 ip4:<server-IP> -all` |
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t TXT example.com"
example.com descriptive text "v=spf1 a:mail.example.com -all"
You can check this with ``dig -t TXT <domain>`` similar to the last
section. Note that ``SPF`` records are set as ``TXT`` records since
RFC1035.
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated. If you
want to use multiple servers for your email handling, don’t forget to
add all server IP’s to this list.
Set ``DKIM`` signature
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Step 5: Set ``DKIM`` signature
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In this section we assume that your ``dkimSelector`` is set to ``mail``.
If you have a different selector, replace all ``mail``\ ’s below
accordingly.
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do: \* Go to your server and
navigate to the dkim key directory (by default ``/var/dkim``). There you
will find a public key for any domain in the ``domain.txt`` file. It
will look like
``mail._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; r=postmaster; g=*; k=rsa; p=<really-long-key>" ; ----- DKIM mail for domain.tld``
\* Add a ``DKIM`` record to the domain ``domain``
On your server, the ``opendkim`` systemd service generated a file
containing your DKIM public key in the file
``/var/dkim/example.com.mail.txt``. The content of this file looks
like
::
| Name (Subdomain) | TTL | Type | Priority | Value |
| ---------------- | ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------------- |
| mail._domainkey.`domain` | 10800 | TXT | | `v=DKIM1; p=<really-long-key>` |
mail._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; s=email; p=<really-long-key>" ; ----- DKIM mail for domain.tld
You can check this with ``dig -t TXT mail._domainkey.<domain>`` similar
to the last section.
where ``really-long-key`` is your public key.
Based on the content of this file, we can add a ``DKIM`` record to the
domain ``example.com``.
=========================== ===== ==== ==============================
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
=========================== ===== ==== ==============================
mail._domainkey.example.com 10800 TXT ``v=DKIM1; p=<really-long-key>``
=========================== ===== ==== ==============================
You can check this with
::
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t txt mail._domainkey.example.com"
mail._domainkey.example.com descriptive text "v=DKIM1;p=<really-long-key>"
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
Step 6: Set ``DMARC`` record
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Set a ``DMARC`` record
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
For every ``domain`` in ``domains`` do:
Add a ``DMARC`` record to the domain ``example.com``.
- Add a ``DMARC`` record to the domain ``domain``
======================== ===== ==== ====================
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Value
======================== ===== ==== ====================
_dmarc.example.com 10800 TXT ``v=DMARC1; p=none``
======================== ===== ==== ====================
==================== ===== ==== ======== ====================
Name (Subdomain) TTL Type Priority Value
==================== ===== ==== ======== ====================
\_dmarc.\ ``domain`` 10800 TXT ``v=DMARC1; p=none``
==================== ===== ==== ======== ====================
You can check this with
You can check this with ``dig -t TXT _dmarc.<domain>`` similar to the
last section.
::
$ nix-shell -p bind --command "host -t TXT _dmarc.example.com"
mail._domainkey.abesis.fr descriptive text "v=DKIM1;p=<really-long-key>"
Note that it can take a while until a DNS entry is propagated.
Test your Setup
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~