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<h1>Sewing meshes</h1>

<p><img src="../i_blue.jpg" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="30px" height="30px" border="0" class="img_whs1"> In SMESH you can sew elements of &nbsp;different 
 meshes. The current functionality allows you to sew:</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p class="whs3"><a href="#free bord">Free 
 borders </a></p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p class="whs3"><a href="#conform">Conform 
 free borders</a></p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p class="whs3"><a href="#border to side">Border 
 to side</a></p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p class="whs3"><a href="#side elements">Side 
 elements</a></p></li>
</ul>

<p class="whs3">&nbsp;</p>

<p class=TODO>To sew elements of different meshes:</p>

<p class=TODO>&nbsp;</p>

<p class="whs4">1. From the <span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Modification 
 </B></span>menu choose the <span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Transformation 
 </B></span>item and &nbsp;from 
 its sub-menu select the <span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Sewing </B></span>item. 
 </p>

<p class="whs4">2. Check in the dialog box one of the radio 
 buttons corresponding to the type of sewing operation you would like to 
 perform. </p>

<p class="whs4">3. Fill the other fields available in the 
 dialog box</p>

<p class="whs4">4. Click the <span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>OK 
 </B></span><span>or </span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>Apply </B></span>button 
 to perform the operation of sewing. </p>

<h3><a name="free bord"></a>Sew free borders<img src="../pics/sewing1.png" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="332px" height="548px" align="right" border="0" class="img_whs5"></h3>

<p>This functionality allows you to unite two free borders of a 2D mesh.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>For sewing free borders you should define three points on each border: 
 first, second and the last node: </p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul type="disc" class="whs2">
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p>&nbsp;the 
 first node specifies beginning of the border ;</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p>&nbsp;the 
 second node specifies the part of the border which should be considered 
 (as far as the free border usually forms a closed contour);</p></li>
	
	<li class=kadov-p><p>&nbsp;the 
 last node specifies the end of the border.</p></li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>You can select these nodes in the 3D viewer or define by its id.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The first and the second nodes should belong to the same link of a face. 
 The second and the last nodes of a border can be the same. The first and 
 the last nodes of two borders can be the same. The corresponding end nodes 
 of two borders will be merged. Intermediate nodes of two borders will 
 be either merged or inserted into faces of the opposite border.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The sewing algorithm is as follows:</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p class="whs4">1. The parameter (U) of each node within 
 a border is computed. So that the first node has U=0.0, the last node 
 has U=1.0, for the rest nodes 0.0 &lt; U &lt; 1.0;</p>

<p class="whs4">2. Compare node parameters of the two borders. 
 If two nodes of the opposite borders have close parameters, they are merged, 
 i.e. a node of the first border is replaced in all elements by a node 
 of the second border. If a node has no node with a close parameter in 
 the opposite border, it is inserted into an edge of element of the opposite 
 border, an element is split. Two nodes are considered close enough to 
 merge, if difference of their parameters is less than one fifth of minimum 
 length of adjacent face edges on the borders.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p class="whs4"><img src="../image22.jpg" width="612px" height="225px" border="0" class="img_whs6"></p>

<p class="whs4">&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>See 
 Also</B></span> a sample TUI Script of a <a href="../transforming_meshes.htm#bookmark4">Sew 
 Free Borders</a> operation. &nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p class="whs4">&nbsp;</p>

<h3><a name=conform></a>Sew conform free borders<img src="../pics/sewing2.png" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="332px" height="548px" align="right" border="0" class="img_whs5"></h3>

<p>This functionality can be used to unite two free borders of a 2D mesh. 
 </p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The borders of meshes for sewing are defined as for &quot;Sew free borders&quot; 
 except that the second free border is not limited and can be defined by 
 the first and the second nodes only. The first nodes of two borders can 
 be the same.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The algorithm is following: counting nodes starting at the first ones, 
 the n-th node of the first border is merged with the n-th node of the 
 other border, until the end of either of borders. Nodes of the first border 
 are replaced in all elements with corresponding nodes of the second border.</p>

<p>For sewing conform free borders you should define three points on the 
 first border and two points on the second one. User can select these nodes 
 in 3D viewer or define node by its id.<img src="../image23.jpg" width="581px" height="218px" align="left" border="0" class="img_whs7"></p>

<p class="whs3">&nbsp;</p>

<p class="whs3">&nbsp;</p>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>See 
 Also</B></span> a sample TUI Script of a <a href="../transforming_meshes.htm#bookmark5">Sew 
 Conform Free Borders</a> operation. &nbsp;</p>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3><a name="border to side"></a>Sew border to side<img src="../pics/sewing3.png" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="332px" height="548px" align="right" border="0" class="img_whs5"></h3>

<p>&quot;Sew border to side&quot; is intended to sew a free border to a 
 mesh surface.</p>

<p>The free border is defined as for &quot;Sewing of free borders&quot;. 
 The place where to sew the border is defined by two nodes, between which 
 the border faces are placed, so that the first border node is merged with 
 the first node on the side and the last node of the border is merged with 
 the second specified node on the side.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p class="whs4">&nbsp;</p>

<p>The algorithm is following.</p>

<p>1. Find a sequence of linked nodes on the side such that the found links 
 to be most co-directed with the links of the free border.</p>

<p>2. Sew two sequences of nodes using algorithm of &quot;Sewing of free 
 berders&quot;.</p>

<p>For sewing border to side you should define three points on the border 
 and two points on the side. User can select these nodes in 3D viewer or 
 define node by its id.</p>

<p><img src="../image30.jpg" width="600px" height="227px" border="0" class="img_whs8"></p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>See 
 Also</B></span> a sample TUI Script of a <a href="../transforming_meshes.htm#bookmark6">Sew 
 Border to Side</a> operation. &nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h3>&nbsp;</h3>

<h3><a name="side elements"></a>Sew side elements<img src="../pics/sewing4.png" x-maintain-ratio="TRUE" width="332px" height="548px" align="right" border="0" class="img_whs5"></h3>

<p class="whs9">This operation is intended to unite two mesh 
 surfaces.</p>

<p class="whs9">&nbsp;</p>

<p>Surfaces may be defined by either 2d or 3d elements. The number of given 
 elements of the sides must be the same. The sets of given elements must 
 be topologically equal, i.e. each node of one element set must have a 
 corresponding node in the other element set and corresponding nodes must 
 be equally linked. If there are 3d elements in a set, only their free 
 faces must obey to that rule.</p>

<p>Two corresponding nodes on each side must be specified. They must belong 
 to one element and must be located on an element set boundary.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Sewing algorithm finds and merges the corresponding nodes starting from 
 the specified ones.</p>

<p><img src="../image31.jpg" width="620px" height="228px" border="0" class="img_whs10"></p>

<p class="whs4"><img src="../image32.jpg" width="304px" height="222px" border="0" class="img_whs11"></p>

<p>For sewing side elements you should define elements for sewing and two 
 nodes for merging on the each side. User can select these elements and 
 nodes in 3D viewer or define them by its id.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><span style="font-weight: bold;"><B>See Also</B></span> a sample TUI Script 
 of a <a href="../transforming_meshes.htm#bookmark7">Sew Side Elements</a> 
 operation. &nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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