smesh/doc/salome/gui/SMESH/input/2d_meshing_hypo.doc

/*!

\page a2d_meshing_hypo_page 2D Meshing Hypotheses

- \ref max_element_area_anchor "Max Element Area"
- \ref length_from_edges_anchor "Length from Edges"
- \ref hypo_quad_params_anchor "Quadrangle parameters"

\anchor max_element_area_anchor
<h2>Max Element Area</h2>

<b>Max Element Area</b> hypothesis is applied for meshing of faces
composing your geometrical object. Definition of this hypothesis
consists of setting the <b>maximum area</b> of mesh elements,
which will compose the mesh of these faces.

\image html a-maxelarea.png

\n

\image html max_el_area.png "In this example, Max. element area is very small compared to the 1D hypothesis"

<b>See Also</b> a sample TUI Script of a 
\ref tui_max_element_area "Maximum Element Area" hypothesis operation. 

\anchor length_from_edges_anchor
<h2>Length from Edges</h2>

<b>Length from edges</b> hypothesis builds 2D mesh elements having a
maximum linear size calculated as an average segment length for a wire
of a given face.

<b>See Also</b> a sample TUI Script of a 
\ref tui_length_from_edges "Length from Edges" hypothesis operation.

\anchor hypo_quad_params_anchor
<h2>Quadrangle parameters</h2>

\image html hypo_quad_params_dialog.png "Quadrangle parameters creation/edition dialog"

<b>Quadrangle parameters</b> is a hypothesis for Quadrangle (Mapping) algorithm.

<b>Transition</b> tab is used to define the algorithm of transition
between opposite sides of faces with a different number of
segments on opposite sides. The following types of transition
algorithms are available:

- <b>Standard</b> is the default case, when both triangles and quadrangles
  are possible in the transition area along the finer meshed sides.
- <b>Triangle preference</b> forces building only triangles in the
  transition area along the finer meshed sides.
  \note This type corresponds to <b>Triangle Preference</b> additional hypothesis,
  which is obsolete now.
- <b>Quadrangle preference</b> forces building only quadrangles in the
  transition area along the finer meshed sides. This hypothesis has a
  restriction: the total quantity of segments on all
  four sides of the face must be even (divisible by 2).
  \note This type corresponds to <b>Quadrangle Preference</b> additional hypothesis,
  which is obsolete now.
- <b>Quadrangle preference (reversed)</b> works in the same way and
  with the same restriction as <b>Quadrangle preference</b>, but
  the transition area is located along the coarser meshed sides.
- <b>Reduced</b> type forces building only quadrangles and the transition
  between the sides is made gradually, layer by layer. This type has
  a limitation on the number of segments: one pair of opposite sides must have
  the same number of segments, the other pair must have an even difference
  between the numbers of segments on the sides. In addition, the number
  of rows between sides with different discretization
  should be enough for the transition. Following the fastest transition
  pattern, three segments become one (see the image below), hence
  the least number of face rows needed to reduce from Nmax segments
  to Nmin segments is log<sub>3</sub>( Nmax / Nmin ). The number of
  face rows is equal to the number of segments on each of equally
  discretized sides.

\image html reduce_three_to_one.png "The fastest transition pattern: 3 to 1"

<b>Base vertex</b> tab allows using Quadrangle (Mapping)
algorithm for meshing of trilateral faces. In this case it is
necessary to select the vertex, which will be used as the fourth edge
(degenerated).

\image html hypo_quad_params_dialog_vert.png "Base Vertex tab of Quadrangle parameters creation/edition dialog"

\image html hypo_quad_params_1.png "A face built from 3 edges"

\image html hypo_quad_params_res.png "The resulting mesh"

This parameter can be also used to mesh a segment of a circular face.
Please, consider that there is a limitation on the selection of the
vertex for the faces built with the angle > 180 degrees (see the picture).

\image html hypo_quad_params_2.png "3/4 of a circular face"

In this case, selection of a wrong vertex for the <b>Base vertex</b>
parameter will generate a wrong mesh. The picture below
shows the good (left) and the bad (right) results of meshing.

\image html hypo_quad_params_res_2.png "The resulting meshes"

\image html hypo_quad_params_dialog_enf.png "Enforced nodes tab of Quadrangle parameters creation/edition dialog"

<b>Enforced nodes</b> tab allows for defining points where the
algorithm should create nodes. There are two ways to define positions
of the enforced nodes.
<ul>
  <li>\b Vertices group allows to set up shapes whose vertices will
    define positions of the enforced nodes. Only vertices successfully
    projected to the meshed face and located close enough to the
    meshed face will be used to create the enforced nodes.</li>
  <li> \b Points group allows to explicitly define coordinates of
    points used to create the enforced nodes. Only points successfully
    projected to the meshed face and located close enough to the
    meshed face will be used to create the enforced nodes.</li>
</ul>
Algorithm of creation of the enforced nodes is following.

\image html hypo_quad_params_enfnodes_algo.png "Steps of the algorithm of creation of the enforced nodes"
<ol>
  <li> Left image: Positions of nodes are computed without taking into
  account the enforced vertex (yellow point).</li> 
  <li> Middle image: A node closest to the enforced vertex is
    detected. Extreme nodes of the row and column of the detected node
    are used to create virtual edges (yellow lines) ending at the
    enforced vertex. </li>
  <li> Right image: The meshed face is thus divided by the virtual
    edges into four quadrilateral sub-domains each of which is meshed
    as usually: the nodes of the row and column of detected node are
    moved to the virtual edges and the quadrilateral elements are
    constructed. 
</ol>
If there are several enforced vertices, the algorithm is applied
recursively to the formed sub-domains.

<b>See Also</b> a sample TUI Script of a 
\ref tui_quadrangle_parameters "Quadrangle Parameters" hypothesis.

<br>
*/